Vorkommen, Populationsentwicklung, Ursache fleckenhafter Besiedlung und Fortpflanzungsbiologie von Foraminiferen in Salzwiesen und Flachwasser der Nord- und Ostseeküste Schleswig - Holsteins

In zwei Küstensalzwiesen Schleswig-Holsteins ("Halebüll", Westküste und "Bottsand", Ostküste) wurden Artenzusammensetzung, Siedlungsdichte und Ursache fleckenhafter Besiedlung im Zentimeterbereich bei Foraminiferen anhand von Sedimentproben des obersten Bodenzentimeters studiert. Unter insgesamt 26 nachgewiesenen Arten waren zwei neue monothalame Arten. Im Untersuchungsgebiet "Halebüll" kamen entsprechend verschie denener Höhenstufen drei gut voneinander getrennte Arten gemeinschaften vor. Gehäusegrößenmessungen zeigten, daß Juvenilpopulationen von Jadammina macrescens in unmittel barer Landnähe lange Zeit des Jahres in einem Ruhestadium verharren, bevor die Individuen in den Sommermonaten weiter wachsen. Ausgeprägte Siedlungsflecken im Zentimeterbereich waren vorhanden, sie beruhten auf Reproduktionen, bei denen ungeschlechtlich durch Vielteilung junge Tochterindividuen hervorgingen. Eine größere Zahl von Vielteilungen konnten auch an Laborhälterungen lebender Elphidium williamsoni beob achtet werden, eine Gametenbildung fand nicht statt. Ein im wesentlichen einjahriger Fortpflanzungszyklus konnte bei die ser Art nachgewiesen werden. Die Analyse der Proloculusgröße von vier Arten zeigte besonders bei Trochammina inflata grö ßere Unterschiede zwischen Populationen verschiedener Unter suchungsgebiete und kleinere Unterschiede zwischen Popula tionen innerhalb eines Gebiets. Zwei von vier Populationen aus dem "Bottsand" bestanden nur aus megalosphärischen Indi viduen, während bei den übrigen zu einem geringen Teil auch mikrosphärische Gehäuse (Agamonten) vorkamen. Auffallend hohe Anteile von Agamonten wurden in einer Salzwiese im schwedischen Gullmarfjordgebiet gefunden. Es werden also meistens nicht an allen Orten zum gleichen Zeitpunkt alle Teile des trimorphen Generationszyklus verwirklicht. Viel mehr wechseln je nach Standortbedingungen die Anteile von Schizonten, Gamonten und Agamonten

Gytefisktelling i Suldalslågen høsten 2022

Ved drivtelling i Suldalslågen 22-23. november 2022 ble det registrert 1376 laks, fordelt på 280 smålaks, 686 mellomlaks og 410 storlaks, samt 1042 sjøaure. Blant 699 laks som var mulig å observere for merking, var 431 fettfinneklippet (dvs. 62 %), og stammer dermed fra smoltutsettigner fra klekkeriet. Som i tidligere drivtellinger var det en klar oppkonsentrering av fettfinneklippet fisk på elvestrekningen i nærheten av klekkeriet, men det var også en høyere andel fettfinneklippet laks i nedre del av vassdraget enn i øvre del. Tellingene ble gjennomført med fire observatører parallelt i elveprofilen, og observasjonsforholdene var gode. På generell basis vil drivtelling representere et minimumsestimat av gytebestanden, ettersom noe fisk vil kunne unngå tellemannskapet eller kan stå skjult på steder hvor de ikke blir observert. Vi anslår at tellingen fanger opp minimum 80 % av gytebestanden i elva ved undersøkelsestidspunktet. Suldalslågen var det undersøkte vassdraget i Ryfylke med den høyeste gytebestanden av laks registret ved gytefisktellinger høsten 2022, og var også det mest fiskerike vassdraget dersom en inkluderer fangst (dvs innsig). Antall gytefisk i Suldalslågen er imidlertid lavt i forhold til elvearealet sammenliknet med andre laksebestander i Ryfylke. Gytebestanden består i tillegg av en betydelig andel fettfinneklippet laks med opphav fra smoltutsettinger. Dette tilsier at bestanden av naturlig rekruttert laks er svakere enn i de øvrige laksevassdragene i regionen.publishedVersio

Hoofprints in the sand:A study on domestic sheep (Ovis aries) from Iron Age southern Phoenicia using traditional biometric methods

The majority of research to date on the translocation of livestock in the premodern (before 1500 CE) Mediterranean Basin has focused on expansive movements out from geographic origins of domestication or from colonizer-to-colonized territories. Fewer zooarchaeological studies have investigated the lateral trajectories of distinct varieties of domesticated animals around the post-Neolithic eastern Mediterranean, partially due to the difficulty in detecting intra-species variation osteologically. The research conducted in the present study sought to improve understanding of the human-mediated mobility of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) from Iron Age settlements in the southern Levant. Variability in body size and a greater variety of morphotypes were expected from coastal flocks in southern Phoenicia in comparison to inland herds, possibly due to the dynamic influence of maritime trade. Biometric data analysis of zooarchaeological materials using log size index and astragalar dimension index methods revealed evidence for the possible optimization of coastal sheep for wool production and a potential introduction event in the Persian period. The Aegean region could be a source for this introduction; however, further research is needed to specify the geographic origin of this phenomenon.</p

Ekstraordinær overvåking av lakselussituasjonen i Nordhordland våren 2023

I forbindelse med overvåking av utvandrende laksesmolt fra elvene Vosso og Dale ble det tidlig i mai 2023 oppdaget sjøørret med kraftige påslag av lakselus langt inne i fjordsystemet. På oppdrag fra Miljødirektoratet ble det derfor iverksatt oppfølgende undersøkelser med prøvetaking av sjøørret og laksesmolt. Ved hjelp av en storruse plassert ut ved Herdla, ytterst i Herdlefjorden, i perioden 13.05 til 24.05.2023 ble det totalt registrert 41 sjøørret og 8 laksesmolt. De fleste sjøørretene var tydelig skadet av lakselus, og flere hadde nedbeitet ryggfinne og sår. Sjøørretene hadde i gjennomsnitt 74 lus per fisk. Det laveste antallet lus som ble observert per fisk var 10 lus og det meste var 237 lus. Gjennomsnittlig antall lus i forhold til fiskevekt var 0,3 lus per gram sjøørret. De høye lusetallene funnet på sjøørreten på Herdla samsvarer med observasjoner av sjøørret med luseskadet og avvikende atferd i de indre fjordområdene hhv. Bolstadfjorden og Dalevågen hvor sjøørreten som var hardest rammet kun veide 140 gram og hadde 242 lus, hvilket gir en relativ intensitet på 1.7 lus/g fisk. I storrusen på Herdla ble det også fanget inn 8 laksesmolt inkludert både ville laksesmolt og klekkerismolt. Laksesmolten som ble fanget hadde i gjennomsnitt 6,6 lus dersom en teller med alle stadier av lus, og 2,25 lus dersom man bare teller fastsittende stadier. Denne distinksjonen er gjort fordi det er usikkerhet knyttet til om bevegelige stadier kan ha forflyttet seg fra sjøørret til laksesmolt inne i storrusen. Samlet sett viser den ekstraordinære overvåkningen av lakselus et høyt smittepress i fjordene. Dette er sannsynligvis et resultat av relativt høyt smittepress fra oppdrettsanleggene i områdene i kombinasjon med lav ferskvannsavrenning grunnet sen snøsmelting.Ekstraordinær overvåking av lakselussituasjonen i Nordhordland våren 2023publishedVersio

Complications and discomfort after research bronchoscopy in the MicroCOPD study

Background: Data on discomfort and complications from research bronchoscopy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma is limited. We present complications and discomfort occurring within a week after bronchoscopy, and investigate personal and procedural risk factors. Methods: 239 subjects with COPD, asthma or without lung disease underwent research bronchoscopies as part of a microbiome study of the lower airways (the MicroCOPD study). Bronchoscopy was done in the supine position with oral scope insertion with the option of light conscious alfentanil sedation. Sampling consisted of protected specimen brushes, bronchoalveolar lavage, small volume lavage and for some, endobronchial biopsies. Bleeding, desaturation, cough, haemodynamic changes, dyspnoea and other events that required an unplanned intervention or early termination of bronchoscopy were prospectively recorded. Follow-up consisted of a telephone interview where subjects rated discomfort and answered questions about fever sensation and respiratory symptoms in the week following bronchoscopy. Results: An unplanned intervention or early termination of bronchoscopy was required in 25.9% of bronchoscopies. Three subjects (1.3%) experienced potentially severe complications, of which all recovered without sequelae. COPD subjects experienced more dyspnoea than controls. Sedation and lower age was associated with less unplanned intervention or premature termination. About half of the subjects (47.7%) reported fever. Discomfort was associated with postprocedural fever, dread of bronchoscopy, higher score on the COPD Assessment Test and never-smoking. In subjects undergoing more than one bronchoscopy, the first bronchoscopy was often predictive for complications and postprocedural fever in the repeated bronchoscopy. Conclusion: Research bronchoscopies were not associated with more complications or discomfort in COPD subjects. 47.7% experienced postbronchoscopy fever sensation, which was associated with discomfort.publishedVersio

Relation of injuries and psychological symptoms in amateur soccer players

Objectives The first main goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety as well as self-compassion in a heterogeneous sample of male amateur soccer players. The second main goal of this study was the examination of the relationship between injuries and psychological factors in amateur soccer players. Methods Players were recruited from German amateur soccer clubs of the fourth to seventh league. 419 soccer players with the mean age of 22.88 years participated in the psychological and the injury assessment at the beginning of the season and at the end, 9 months later. For the psychological assessment, depression and anxiety rate as well as self-compassion was analysed. Furthermore, the frequencies of injuries were registered. Results The results showed that players of the highest amateur league, the fourth league in German soccer, showed significantly higher anxiety values than players from a lower league (p=0.013). There were no differences in depression values dependent on the league. Furthermore, players who suffered from an injury before the start of the season demonstrated higher anxiety values (p=0.027). This result was independent of the respective league. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that even in higher amateur soccer the anxiety level of the players varies between soccer players of different leagues. Because an injury before the start of the season influenced the anxiety level, a psychological treatment during injury should be considered. Summary box Even in higher amateur soccer the anxiety level of the players varies between soccer players of different leagues. Psychological factors are also in lower soccer levels related to injuries. The possible relation of psychological and medical issues must be also investigated in amateur soccer players

Lakselusinfestasjon på vill laksefisk våren 2020 - Framdriftsrapport til Mattilsynet

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